From d8be762283ee689253952dcdf0e0befac516dc69 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ManoloFLTK <41016272+ManoloFLTK@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Mar 2026 09:16:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Fix use of the cairo graphics driver with Fl_Double_Window
 and the X11 platform (#1370).

FLTK now handles Fl_Double_Window with the cairo graphics driver as with the X11 graphics driver:
- when drawing via the window's draw() method, FLTK draws to the offscreen cairo surface
and then copies the offscreen surface to the screen;
- when drawing outside the draw() method after a call to make_current(), FLTK draws to
a cairo surface associated to the mapped window.
---
 src/Fl_x.cxx                             |  9 +++++--
 src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H   |  2 +-
 src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx | 30 ++++++++++--------------
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/Fl_x.cxx b/src/Fl_x.cxx
index 30e006f48..7a6b00f8f 100644
--- a/src/Fl_x.cxx
+++ b/src/Fl_x.cxx
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 #  include <FL/fl_draw.H>
 #  include <FL/Fl_Paged_Device.H>
 #  include <FL/Fl_Shared_Image.H>
+#  include <FL/Fl_Image_Surface.H>
 #  include <FL/fl_ask.H>
 #  include <FL/filename.H>
 #  include <stdio.h>
@@ -2324,9 +2325,13 @@ void Fl_X11_Window_Driver::resize(int X,int Y,int W,int H) {
     pWindow->Fl_Group::resize(X,Y,W,H);
     if (shown()) {
 #if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
-      if (!pWindow->as_gl_window() && cairo_) {
+      if (xlib_cairo_) {
         float s = Fl::screen_driver()->scale(screen_num());
-        cairo_xlib_surface_set_size(cairo_get_target(cairo_), (W>0 ? int(W*s) : 1), (H>0 ? int(H*s) : 1));
+        cairo_xlib_surface_set_size(cairo_get_target(xlib_cairo_), (W>0 ? int(W*s) : 1), (H>0 ? int(H*s) : 1));
+      }
+      if (other_xid) {
+        delete other_xid;
+        other_xid = NULL;
       }
 #endif
       pWindow->redraw();
diff --git a/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H b/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H
index 50b7a1bd3..dfb852d5e 100644
--- a/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H
+++ b/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.H
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ private:
   static type_for_resize_window_between_screens data_for_resize_window_between_screens_;
 #endif // USE_XFT || FLTK_USE_CAIRO
 #if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
-  cairo_t *cairo_;
+  cairo_t *xlib_cairo_; // the cairo surface of the X window itself
 #endif // FLTK_USE_CAIRO
   bool decorated_win_size(int &w, int &h);
   void combine_mask();
diff --git a/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx b/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx
index 33bddd6fb..f38868a3c 100644
--- a/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx
+++ b/src/drivers/X11/Fl_X11_Window_Driver.cxx
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Fl_X11_Window_Driver::Fl_X11_Window_Driver(Fl_Window *win)
   screen_num_ = -1;
 #endif
 #if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
-  cairo_ = NULL;
+  xlib_cairo_ = NULL;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -166,12 +166,10 @@ void Fl_X11_Window_Driver::flush_double(int erase_overlay)
   Fl_X *i = Fl_X::flx(pWindow);
   if (!other_xid) {
     other_xid = new Fl_Image_Surface(w(), h(), 1);
-#if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
-    cairo_ = ((Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver*)other_xid->driver())->cr();
-#endif
     pWindow->clear_damage(FL_DAMAGE_ALL);
   }
 #if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
+  cairo_t *cairo_ = ((Fl_Cairo_Graphics_Driver*)other_xid->driver())->cr();
   ((Fl_X11_Cairo_Graphics_Driver*)fl_graphics_driver)->set_cairo(cairo_);
 #endif
     if (pWindow->damage() & ~FL_DAMAGE_EXPOSE) {
@@ -408,18 +406,14 @@ void Fl_X11_Window_Driver::make_current() {
 
 #if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
   float scale = Fl::screen_scale(screen_num()); // get the screen scaling factor
-  if (!pWindow->as_double_window()) {
-    if (!cairo_) {
-      int W = pWindow->w() * scale, H = pWindow->h() * scale;
-      cairo_surface_t *s = cairo_xlib_surface_create(fl_display, fl_window, fl_visual->visual, W, H);
-      cairo_ = cairo_create(s);
-      cairo_surface_destroy(s);
-      cairo_save(cairo_);
-    }
-  } else if (other_xid) {
-    pWindow->damage(FL_DAMAGE_CHILD);
+  if (!xlib_cairo_) {
+    int W = pWindow->w() * scale, H = pWindow->h() * scale;
+    cairo_surface_t *s = cairo_xlib_surface_create(fl_display, fl_window, fl_visual->visual, W, H);
+    xlib_cairo_ = cairo_create(s);
+    cairo_surface_destroy(s);
+    cairo_save(xlib_cairo_);
   }
-  if (cairo_) ((Fl_X11_Cairo_Graphics_Driver*)fl_graphics_driver)->set_cairo(cairo_);
+  ((Fl_X11_Cairo_Graphics_Driver*)fl_graphics_driver)->set_cairo(xlib_cairo_);
   fl_graphics_driver->scale(scale);
 #elif USE_XFT
   ((Fl_Xlib_Graphics_Driver*)fl_graphics_driver)->scale(Fl::screen_driver()->scale(screen_num()));
@@ -441,9 +435,9 @@ void Fl_X11_Window_Driver::hide() {
   screen_num_ = -1;
 # endif
 # if FLTK_USE_CAIRO
-  if (cairo_ && !pWindow->as_double_window()) {
-    cairo_destroy(cairo_);
-    cairo_ = NULL;
+  if (xlib_cairo_) {
+    cairo_destroy(xlib_cairo_);
+    xlib_cairo_ = NULL;
   }
 # endif
   // this test makes sure ip->xid has not been destroyed already